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Firmware is the "operating system" of the different parts of the scooter.

To view all firmware files for the Ninebot ESX (ES1, ES2, ES3, ES4) and SNSC 1.0/SNSC 1.1, visit Ninebot ESX Firmware.

BMS firmware is responsible for the battery and its charging.

BMS stands for Battery Management System and is also just referred to as battery firmware.